A polar vortex is a large-scale area of low pressure and cold air that surrounds the North and South Poles. The polar vortex typically weakens during the summer months, but it can strengthen during the winter months and cause cold weather outbreaks in mid-latitudes.
The polar vortex is important because it helps to regulate the Earth’s climate. The polar vortex also plays a role in the formation of weather systems, such as cyclones and anticyclones.